Apanemia Health Centre

Archive for the ‘Disease Info’ Category

Treatment

If your child has encopresis because of chronic constipation, treatment consists of the following three steps:
- Remove the intestines large mass of fecal material, this often involves medications (laxatives) by mouth, but sometimes it is necessary to place enemas or rectal suppositories.
- Prevent constipation of the rectum: the child may need to take a stool softener for six months or more, as lactulose (sold in different brand names) or mineral oil to help stool easier and more comfortable. It can take several weeks or even months of regular bowel movements until the intestines have become enlarged to normal size and regain its normal muscle tone. Read the rest of this entry »

Duration

In about half of children with encopresis, the problem goes away by itself within two years. Most children with encopresis stop soiling in mid-adolescence.

Prevention

To help prevent encopresis caused by chronic constipation, you can:
- Avoided for a time to feed your child foods that cause constipation, especially bananas, apples, white rice, cheese and jelly. Too much milk can also be a problem, so ask your doctor about how much milk is considered appropriate for your child. Read the rest of this entry »

Symptoms

In most children with encopresis, the most obvious signs are soiled underwear and foul smell (the smell of fecal matter). Other signs and symptoms may include:

- periods of constipation (no bowel movements) alternating with very long deposition
- traces of blood on the outside of the stool or on toilet paper that was used to clean up after a bowel movement.
- pain in lower abdomen or rectum
- laundry with fecal material hidden in closets, under the bed or other places
- bedwetting, probably related to the pressure of large, hard mass of stool in the rectum, this occurs in about 40% of cases of encopresis Read the rest of this entry »

It is called encopresis or fecal incontinence when a child defecates (move your bowels) in your underwear or on any other inappropriate place. The medical definition of encopresis says that the child should be at least 4 years, age at which most children can control bowel movements. However, some experts believe that every child of 3 years is not taught to control bowel has encopresis. Encopresis occurs in 1 to 2% of school-age children in America. Children often suffer more from this problem than girls.

In 9 out of 10 children with encopresis, the problem is related to chronic constipation, which means that bowel movements are infrequent and the stool is hard and dry.

When you need a stool, it is deposited in the bottom of the bowel (rectum), which relaxes the walls of the intestines. This feeling of distended bowel is usually what makes us feel the need to go to the bathroom. However, if the bowel wall is stretched over a long period and no bowel movement, the rectum loses its natural muscle tone and sensitivity. This makes it increasingly more difficult portions of stool are placed in the rectum. Read the rest of this entry »

Treatment

Treatment is directed at the cause of the disease, an allergy is a reaction to a drug or a parasitic infestation.

The treatments are usually effective in the reduction or resolution of eosinophilia, and are not particularly toxic.

Treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome: initial treatment of this rare form of eosinophilia include the use of oral corticosteroids, usually starting with prednisone in doses of 30-60mg a day. If this is not effective, a chemotherapeutic agent is administered. Read the rest of this entry »

How is it diagnosed?

The blood eosinophilia is diagnosed by a simple blood test. Tissue eosinophilia is diagnosed by examining the relevant tissue. For example, you removed a piece of skin tissue (skin biopsy) and examined under a microscope.

What can the doctor do?

When it has been diagnosed, the doctor will help establish the cause of the disease. You can do blood tests to confirm specific allergies such as pollen or dust mites. You can determine the existence of a parasitic infestation by analyzing samples of blood and feces. Also, ask if you are taking new drugs if the eosinophilia was the result of a side effect, and traveling abroad for a possible parasite infestation. Sometimes a dog at home can be the source of an infestation called toxocariasis (Toxocara canis or larva migrans). Read the rest of this entry »

How eosinophilia appears?

There is an increased number of eosinophils when necessary to fight parasitic infestation, in which case it is useful eosinophilia, and allergic diseases in which eosinophilia is harmful, because of harmful proteins accumulate in the eosinophils tissues and can cause injury. For example, in asthma, eosinophilia causes lesions in the bronchi.

What are the symptoms?

The symptoms of eosinophilia are those of the causative pathology. For example, when the eosinophilia appears asthma, symptoms include cough, shortness of breath and wheezing (wheezing) in the chest. Parasitic infections can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, cough and rash. Reactions to drugs are also cause skin rashes, and appear after a new medication. In a less common, there may be associated with eosinophilia symptoms such as weight loss, night sweats, enlarged lymph nodes or localized loss of sensation and tingling due to nerve damage. Read the rest of this entry »

What are eosinophils?

Eosinophils are a type of white blood cells from the blood. Like other white blood cells, eosinophils are produced in the bone marrow (bone marrow) and are normally found in the blood and the mucosal lining inside your intestines. Contain proteins that help the body fight against infestation by parasites, such as worms. But in some diseases, these proteins from eosinophils may damage rather than help the body.

What is eosinophilia?

The term eosinophilia refers to the abnormal situation in which there is an increased number of eosinophils in the blood or certain body tissues.

When does eosinophilia occur?

Eosinophilia occurs in many different diseases. The most common causes in most developed countries are allergic diseases such as asthma or allergic rhinitis, while in the rest of the world’s leading cause of infestation by parasites. It may also appear in relation to common skin diseases, and adverse drug reactions. Other less common causes are: Read the rest of this entry »

How can the doctor diagnose it?

With a chest radiograph infiltrates can be displayed or lumps in the lungs and enlarged lymph. The scanner or CAT scan and help to better appreciate these anomalies.

Anemia is detected and reduced defenses in the blood and blood calcium levels high occasionally. In control of it are useful measurements of angiotensin converting enzyme, which is produced by the granulomas.

You can perform a bronchoscopy with bronchial lavage to confirm. Sometimes it is necessary to perform a skin biopsy or lymph. Read the rest of this entry »

What is sarcoidosis?

Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown origin, non-infectious, that interests several organs. It usually affects more frequently to the lungs and skin but may be involved lymph nodes, liver, spleen, heart, eye or central nervous system. It commonly occurs in young or middle age and is a rare disease.

The base is the granuloma lesion or cell clusters.

What are the symptoms of sarcoidosis?

The symptoms are related to the affected organ, and may include:

- General malaise or weight loss

- Cough Read the rest of this entry »

If properly treated, the prognosis is good. Oral anticoagulant therapy reduces the risk of further blood clots in both arteries and veins, but treatment should be conducted for extended periods of time and even throughout life, as there is great risk of new clots to stop treatment. Moreover, as already mentioned, it is necessary to regular blood tests to ensure that the degree of anticoagulation is correct.

Patients should also reduce the risk of thrombosis for reasons other than the antiphospholipid syndrome. Should stop smoking, maintain normal body weight and exercising regularly. The physician should also assess other risk factors of thrombosis, blood pressure readings to rule out high blood pressure, checking blood glucose levels to exclude diabetes and cholesterol levels measured. Read the rest of this entry »

The fundamental goal of treatment is to reduce the tendency for blood to clot. This is usually achieved with pills called oral anticoagulant warfarin (Sintrom). They are taken daily, requiring regular blood tests to ensure that the degree of anticoagulation is adequate. This is done through a blood test called the INR, which compares the tendency to clot the blood of the patient with a standard. Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome who have repeatedly thrombosis should be treated with oral anticoagulants.

Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome who have had repeated abortions should be treated, but not with oral anticoagulants, since these can cause birth defects if given during pregnancy. The treatment of these patients may be aspirin, heparin, or sometimes both. Heparin is an anticoagulant but also can not be given orally during pregnancy is necessary to give daily by injection under the skin. Generally it is possible that the injection is performed by the patient. There Injection pens designed for this issue that allow easy and convenient administration. Unlike warfarin are not usually require blood tests to monitor your margin effect and overdose prevention. Read the rest of this entry »